Intangiriro
Munsi y’imihanda, mu kabati k’ingirakamaro, kandi igashyingurwa mu byobo byo munsi y’ubutaka muri buri komine yateye imbere hari umuyoboro mugari w’imiyoboro ikwirakwiza itanga amazi meza kandi y’ingutu ku miriyoni y’amazu n’ubucuruzi. Kugirango ubu buhanga bunini butangaje bukore neza, abatanga serivisi bagomba kuba bafite uburyo nyabwo, buboneye bwo gupima ibyo ukoresha. Iki gikorwa cyingenzi kigwa kuri metero zamazi, sentinels zicecekeye zurusobekerane rwingirakamaro zinjirana umwete buri gallon, metero kibe, cyangwa metero kibe y'amazi yinjira mumitungo. Nyamara, kubera ko ibyo bikoresho byashyizwe kumurongo hamwe ninkingi zamazi zikora kandi bikunze gukorerwa ibidukikije bikabije byo munsi yisi, ntabwo aribikoresho bihoraho. Kimwe nubukanishi cyangwa ibikoresho bya elegitoronike, bifite igihe cyigihe cyo gukora kandi bigomba gusimburwa.
Inzira yo kuvugurura ibikorwa remezo byo gupima amazi nigikorwa kinini, imari shingiro - imbogamizi yibikoresho buri sosiyete ikora ibikorwa na komine igomba guhura nabyo kuri gahunda izunguruka. Kuri nyir'umutungo utaramenyekana, kumenyesha ko metero yabo iteganijwe gukurwaho birasa nkuburakari budakenewe mubuyobozi, cyane cyane niba igikoresho kigezweho gisa nkigikora neza muburyo bwo kureba. Mubyukuri, icyemezo cyo gukora ubukangurambaga bwagutse busimburwa n’amahame akomeye y’ubuhanga, kubara cyane mu bukungu, no guhindura inshingano z’amategeko. Gusobanukirwa nigihe cyihariye, ibipimo bifatika, hamwe nubushakashatsi bwikoranabuhanga nyuma yizabukuru ya metero byerekana impamvu iyi gahunda ikomeza yo kuvugurura ari ngombwa mugukomeza kwinjiza amakomine, kurinda abakiriya ibicuruzwa bitishyurwa bidakwiye, no gutwara ingufu n’amazi meza ku isi.
Igihe cyagenwe: Iyo Gusimburana Kubaye
Kugena igihe nyacyo cyo guhagarika metero y'amazi bisaba kuringaniza ibintu bitandukanye bihuza, icyigaragaza muri byo ni imyaka yoroshye. Kubintu bisanzwe byo guturamo ukoresheje kwimuka kwimuka cyangwa umuvuduko - bishingiye kuri metero, igipimo cyinganda ku isi mubuzima rusange bukora hagati yimyaka icumi na makumyabiri. Kurenga iyi cumi na gatanu - hagati yumwaka, ibice byimbere mubisanzwe bitangira kurenga imipaka yabashinzwe. Nubwo metero ikomeza kuba nziza, ibyago byo kunanirwa ibice biriyongera cyane nyuma yimyaka icumi yo kwibizwa mumazi yumuvuduko.
Ariko, kwishingikiriza gusa kuri kalendari kugirango utegeke gahunda yo kubungabunga birashobora kuyobya cyane, niyo mpamvu ibikorwa byingirakamaro nabyo bikurikirana cumulative volumetric yinjira. Imetero y'amazi yashyizwe mumiturire ituje ituwe numuntu umwe ntizigera ihura nubukanishi burenze metero imwe ikorera umuryango mugari wabantu batandatu, nubwo ibikoresho byombi byashyizwe kumunsi umwe. Kubera iyo mpamvu, metero zubucuruzi ninganda zikurikiranwa cyane cyane mubunini bwamazi bandika. Ibipimo binini - bipima litiro ibihumbi magana ya buri munsi birashobora kugera ku ntera yo kwangirika kwabo mu myaka itanu kugeza kuri irindwi, bisaba ko hasimburwa inshuro nyinshi kurusha bagenzi babo batuye.
Hanyuma, igihe ntarengwa cyo gusimburwa gitegekwa n amategeko ateganijwe n’inzego zikomeye zashyizweho n’inzego z’igihugu zishinzwe kurengera ibidukikije. Guverinoma nyinshi zitegeka ko ibikorwa rusange bigomba gukuramo imibare ihambaye ya metero zikora buri myaka mike kugirango isuzume neza. Niba icyiciro runaka cya metero cyerekana impuzandengo yo gupima irenze kwihanganira amategeko yashyizweho, ubufasha busabwa byemewe n'amategeko gusimbuza metero imwe murirwo ruganda rwihariye cyangwa urwego rw’imiterere, hatitawe ku gihe bamaze bakora umurimo ukora.
Catalizator yo gusimbuza: Impamvu ibipimo bishaje bigomba kuruhuka
Kugira ngo wumve impamvu gusimburwa ari ngombwa, umuntu agomba kureba amahame yumubiri agenga gupima amazi. Umubare munini wa metero z'umurage usanzwe ushyizwe ku isi hose ni ibikoresho bya mashini biranga ibice by'imbere nko gutunga disiki, piston zinyeganyega, cyangwa ibyuma bya turbine. Ibi bice byimuka byakozwe kugirango bizunguruke cyangwa bitare muburyo bwiza bwo guhuza hamwe ninkingi y'amazi arengana. Mu myaka myinshi yo guhora ikora, guterana kwatewe na miriyoni zuzunguruka bigenda bisya buhoro buhoro impande zoroshye zibi bice byimbere, bikagura ubworoherane hagati yibice byimuka nurukuta rwicyumba.
Mugihe ibyo byimbere byimbere byagutse, ijanisha rito ryamazi ritangira kunyerera mubyumba bipima bitarinze gukoreshwa mubikoresho bya mashini. Iyi phenomenon itanga ibisubizo byukuri, kandi burigihe bigaragarira nko munsi ya - kwiyandikisha, bivuze ko metero ishaje yanditseho amazi make ugereranije nu mukiriya arimo kurya. Mugihe umuguzi ashobora kubanza kubona metero munsi ya - kwiyandikisha nkinyungu zamafaranga, bitera ikibazo gikomeye kubatanga serivisi zizwi nka non - amazi yinjira. Amazi - yinjiza yerekana amazi yatunganijwe, yotswa igitutu ashyirwa mumashanyarazi ariko ntasige inzira yimpapuro kugirango yishyurwe.
Iyo amazi - y’amazi yiyongereye bitewe na metero ibihumbi byangiritse, ibikorwa by’ingirakamaro bigabanuka cyane mu kwinjiza amafaranga mu gihe ibikorwa byabo byo gukoresha imiti yo gutunganya amazi n’ingufu zo kuvoma amashanyarazi bikomeza guhagarara cyangwa kwiyongera. Kugira ngo ibyo bihombo byihishe, ibikorwa byingirakamaro bihatirwa kuzamura igipimo cy’amazi y’ibanze ku baturage bose. Kubwibyo, gusimbuza metero zishaje, zidakabije nigikorwa cyo kuringaniza imari, kureba ko buri muguzi yishyura neza ibyo akoresha kandi ko nta gice na kimwe cyabaturage gitanga inkunga kuburyo butaziguye imikoreshereze yabandi.
Usibye kwambara imashini, metero zishobora kwibasirwa cyane nihungabana ryibidukikije. Mu bihe bikonje, ubukonje bukomeza kuba iterabwoba; niba amazi ari mu cyobo cya metero ndende akonje, yaguka cyane, agasenya icyumba cyo gupima imbere cyangwa kumenagura ibirahuri byuzuye. Mu buryo nk'ubwo, amazi menshi y’ubuhinzi, guhindagurika kwa chimie y’amazi, hamwe n’ubushyuhe bwinshi bw’imyanda ihagaritswe cyangwa igipimo cy’imiyoboro irashobora gutuma imyunyu ngugu yihuta igaragara imbere muri metero, gufunga ibice byimbere no guhagarika ikusanyamakuru burundu.
Kwimuka mu ikoranabuhanga: Kuzamura ibikorwa remezo byubwenge
Mubikorwa byiki gihe byingirakamaro, gahunda yo gusimbuza ibikorwa remezo byamazi igenda iterwa nicyifuzo cyo gusimbuka ibice byikoranabuhanga aho gusimbuza gusa - hanze yimodoka. Mu myaka ibarirwa muri za mirongo, ibikorwa by’amazi byashingiraga ku basomyi ba metero y'intoki bagendaga ku nzu n'inzu, baterura umupfundikizo w'icyuma kiremereye mu mvura, shelegi, cyangwa ubushyuhe bwo mu cyi kugira ngo bandike mu buryo bugaragara imibare ikoreshwa. Ubu buryo bukoreshwa buhoro buhoro, buhenze, kandi bukunda kwibeshya kubantu, kandi butanga gusa ingingo imwe muminsi mirongo itatu.
Mugutangiza gahunda yo gusimbuza gahunda, abatanga serivise ziterambere barashobora kuzamura akarere kabo kuri metero zamazi yubwenge ikorera murusobekerane rwibikorwa Remezo. Ibi bikoresho bigezweho bikuraho imirimo yintoki rwose mugukwirakwiza amakuru arambuye yo gukoresha ibicuruzwa binyuze mumutekano muke - amashanyarazi yagutse - akarere ka radiyo yumurongo wa radiyo cyangwa imiyoboro ya selire kuri seriveri nkuru yingirakamaro kuri buri saha. Kuzamura iyi mikorere ihujwe ninyungu nini yo gukora kuburyo amakomine menshi ahitamo gusezera neza neza, hagati ya - metero yubuzima bwa mashini mbere yigihe giteganijwe kugirango asarure inyungu zifatika zo gukoresha mudasobwa.
Ishyirwa mu bikorwa remezo byubwenge rihindura rwose umubano hagati yumuguzi nuwitanga serivisi. Hamwe nukuri - igihe cyamakuru atemba, ibikorwa byingirakamaro birashobora guha abakiriya - kureba imbuga za interineti hamwe na porogaramu za terefone zigaragaza uburyo bwo gukoresha buri munsi kugeza kumunota. Uku kugaragara kwa granular kwemerera abafite imitungo guhita bamenya ingaruka zamafaranga yingeso zabo za buri munsi, guhindura gahunda zabo zo kuhira, no kwakira imenyesha ryihuse niba sisitemu ibonye igicucu kidasanzwe mumikoreshereze yerekana ko byihutirwa byamazi. Mugutanga ubwo bushobozi bwikoranabuhanga, inzira yo gusimburwa iva mubisabwa bisanzwe byo kubungabunga amakomine igahinduka cyane muburyo bwiza bwa serivisi.
Inzira yo Gusimbuza: Gushyira mu bikorwa no gufata ingamba
Gushyira mu bikorwa gahunda yo gusimbuza metero y'amazi ni igishushanyo mbonera mu bikoresho byo mu mijyi bisaba igenamigambi ryitondewe no gushyira mu bikorwa umurima utagira inenge. Ibikorwa bisanzwe byegera iki gikorwa ukoresheje bumwe muburyo bubiri bukoreshwa: guhinduranya ibintu cyangwa gutondekanya geografiya. Guhinduranya bifatika bibaho mugihe metero yananiwe burundu, yangiritse kumubiri, cyangwa igatera fagitire idasanzwe isaba guhita, abatekinisiye badasanzwe. Nubwo gufata neza bikenewe mugihe cyihutirwa, ntibikora neza nkingamba zambere kuko bikubiyemo igihe kinini cyurugendo no kugabura abakozi.
Ibinyuranye, gahunda ya geografiya itunganijwe ikubiyemo kugabanya umujyi wose mumirenge itandukanye ya gride no gusimbuza metero imwe muri zone runaka mugihe cyagenwe cyiminsi cyangwa ibyumweru. Ubu buryo butuma abakozi bashiraho kwimuka neza munzu ku nzu kumuhanda umwe, bikongera umusaruro wa buri munsi kandi bikagabanya cyane imyuka y’ibinyabiziga n’amafaranga yakoreshejwe. Mbere yo gutangiza ibikorwa, ibikorwa rusange byohereza ubukangurambaga bwamakuru kubaturage, burambuye igihe abatekinisiye bazaba bari kurubuga no gusobanura ihagarikwa ryigihe gito, ryigihe gito kubikorwa byabo byamazi.
Iyo umutekinisiye wumurima ageze mumiturire cyangwa yubucuruzi, swap nyayo isanzwe irangira muminota cumi n'itanu kugeza kuri mirongo itatu, mugihe amazi asanzwe ari mumiterere. Umutekinisiye asanze icyuma gikinguye - kuri valve ibanziriza guterana metero, agabanya amazi kugirango akumire umwuzure, kandi akoresha imiyoboro yabugenewe kugirango akureho ibikoresho bishaje kumurongo wa serivisi. Mbere yo guta metero nshya mumwanya, umutekinisiye agenzura yitonze imigozi ya pipe yagaragaye hanyuma agashyiraho gasketi nshya, - yo mu rwego rwo hejuru kugira ngo yemeze kashe ndende -.
Iyo metero nshya imaze guhagarikwa neza, amazi aragarurwa gahoro gahoro, kandi umutekinisiye asukura neza umwuka uwo ari wo wose wafashwe uva kumurongo ukoresheje kanda yo hanze mugihe wasuzumaga imiyoboro mishya ya mikorosikopi. Iherezo, kandi rikomeye, intambwe yuburyo bwo gusimbuza umubiri harimo guhuza amakuru. Umutekinisiye akoresha terefone igendanwa kugirango asuzume nimero idasanzwe hamwe na kode ya radiyo yoherejwe na metero nshya yashizwemo, ihuza iyo miterere yihariye yibikoresho na aderesi yumutungo hamwe nububiko rusange bwo kwishyuza. Ihuzabikorwa ryihuse rya digitale ryemeza neza ko icyiciro gikurikiraho cyo kwishyuza gisoma bidasubirwaho amakuru ava mumitungo mishya nta munsi numwe wo gukoresha utabigenewe.
Umwanzuro
Inzira ikomeza yo gusimbuza metero y'amazi nikintu gikenewe rwose gikora gishimangira ituze, uburinganire, hamwe n’ibikorwa remezo bigezweho bya gisivili. Nta metero ishobora kuzunguruka iteka kurwanya imbaraga zidatezuka zamazi atemba, ntanubwo ishobora kurwanya urugendo byanze bikunze rwiterambere ryikoranabuhanga. Mugihe ibyo bikoresho byegereye imipaka yabyo nyuma yimyaka icumi cyangwa irenga ikomeza ibikorwa byumurima, ubunyangamugayo busanzwe buragabanuka, bikabangamira ubuzima bwimari yamakomine kandi bikagora ibikorwa bigamije kubungabunga umutungo.
Mugukurikiza ibikorwa, neza - byateguwe na gahunda yo gusimbuza, abatanga serivisi barinda inzira zinjiza, bakuraho fagitire zidahwitse, kandi bagakuraho gahunda yibibazo byamazi yinjiza -. Icy'ingenzi cyane, inzibacyuho igezweho kuva mubitabo byabigenewe kugera kuri metero yubwenge ihuza abaturage itanga amakuru nyayo - igihe cyo gukurikirana amakuru asabwa kugirango hamenyekane ibyihishe ako kanya kandi wimenyereze neza kubungabunga ibidukikije. Ubwanyuma, ikiruhuko cyiza cya metero zishaje zituma imiyoboro yacu yo gukwirakwiza amazi ku isi ikomeza kwihangana, kwiringirwa, kandi yiteguye neza guhangana n’ibibazo by’ejo hazaza.